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The Pros and Cons of the Coverdell ESA for
College
As you’re setting up investment plans for your child’s college,
it’s smart to be aware of the pros and cons of the Coverdell
ESA for College. This educational savings account is a very
attractive savings plan for many people. Let’s take a look at
some of the negatives and positives of this program and so you
can see if it’s a fit for you.
Pro- The Coverdell Education Savings Account can be
self-directed with a wider array of investment products
available than a 529 plan. The account can be placed in almost
any sort of investment. Typically, stocks, bonds, bank CDs,
mutual funds and unit investment trusts. No part of trust
assets may be invested in life insurance contracts.
Pro- The Coverdell funds are available to finance elementary
and secondary school, not just college. This includes items
such as tuition, fees, tutoring, books, supplies, room and
board, uniforms, transportation and computers.
Pro- Earnings accumulate tax-free. Qualified distributions are
exempt from federal income tax. Please note that contributions
are not deductible on federal or state income tax.
Pro- Corporations may contribute. This even includes tax-exempt
organizations. Regardless of income level, corporations may
contribute to an individuals Coverdell account.
Pro- People can contribute to both a Coverdell account and a
section 529 plan in the same year. Note that there may a gift
tax implication if you give more that $12,000 per
beneficiary.
Con- Contributions to the Coverdell ESA are limited to $2000
per beneficiary per year. Here’s an example, you have a son and
a daughter that you want to contribute $3500 into Coverdell
accounts for. You deposit $2000 to your son’s account and $1500
into your daughter’s. Their grandmother wishes to add another
$1000 but she is only allowed to put $500 into your daughters
account as the $2000 limit has been reached. At $2000 a year,
it would be tough to have this be your entire college savings
plan.
Con- Contributions can only be made until the beneficiary
reaches age 18. This may be a non-issue with some families but
a 529 plan would allow you greater flexibility. There are no
age restrictions for special needs beneficiaries.
Con- The money must be used by the time the child reaches the
age of 30. If the funds are not used, the earnings will be
taxed as ordinary income plus a 10% penalty.
Con- There is less flexibility in changing beneficiaries in a
Coverdell ESA. Coverdell plans are considered permanent gifts.
You cannot open up an account for your child and take back the
money for your own use. Typically, the parents are responsible
for the account until the child reaches 18. Then, the
beneficiary usually takes control of the account. There is some
ability to change beneficiaries.
Con- The Coverdell ESA is not eligible for the state tax
deductions available for some 529 plans. The available 529
state tax deductions vary from state to state. Of course, a tax
deduction is not the only reason to select an investment.
Con- The contribution limit is phased out for contributors with
an adjusted gross income between $95,000 and $110,000 for
single people and between $190,000 and $220, 000 for joint
filers. A clever way around this con if you’re in this income
bracket is to give the money to your child and let her open a
Coverdell for herself.
After looking at the pros and cons of the Coverdell education
savings fund, you can see if this is a wise investment for your
child. The items that have been identified as cons are
non-issues for many people. Coverdell is a good investment
overall for most families. Talk with your tax profession and
see if it’s right for you.
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